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Table 2 Comparison of induction regimens with combination therapy between survival and deceased groups of CM patients

From: Epidemiological characterization and prognostic factors in patients with confirmed cerebral cryptococcosis in central Taiwan

Variables

Survivor group

Deceased group

Total

 

Univariate logistic regression analysis

 

n = 47 (%)

n = 12 (%)

n = 59

p value

OR

95 % CI

p value

Mean age (years ± SD)

53.5 ± 17.8

69.2 ± 15.6

56.7 ± 18.4

    

Age > 55 years

32 (68.1)

10 (83.3)

43

0.019

1.07

1.013-1.146

0.019

Gender – male

18 (38.3)

2 (16.7)

20

0.182

   

Patient delay

28 (59.6)

10 (83.3)

38

0.012

1.87

1.274-11.230

0.015

Patient delay (days), median (range)

10 (1–124)

9 (1–91)

10 (1–124)

0.389

   

Delay by the doctor in administering AFA

32 (68.1)

4 (33.3)

36

0.235

   

Delay by the doctor in administering AFA (days), median (range)

6 (1–180)

4 (1–28)

6 (1–180)

0.485

   

Prolonged delay by the doctor in administering AFA therapy (>6 days)

16 (34.0)

7 (58.3)

23

0.009

1.45

1.080-12.070

0.008

Delay by the doctor in administering corticosteroid

18 (38.3)

5 (41.7)

23

0.062

   

Delay by the doctor in administering corticosteroid (days), median (range)

8 (1–14)

9 (1–28)

8 (1–28)

0.389

   

Total delay

32 (68.1)

10 (83.3)

42

0.055

   

Total delay (days), median (range)

19 (1–180)

17 (1–91)

19 (1–180)

0.459

   

Prior cryptococcal infection, not related to this episode

11 (23.4)

2 (16.7)

13

0.762

   

Length of stay in the ICU (days), median (range)

5 (1–21)

8 (1–28)

5 (1–28)

<0.001

4.217

1.030-23.025

0.034

Diagnostic criteria

       

Serum CrAg >1:512

13 (27.7)

2 (16.7)

15

0.381

   

CSF CrAg >1:512

10 (21.3)

4 (33.3)

14

0.281

   

Initial CSF WBC count per mm3, median (range)

9 (0–51)

20 (0–250)

106

0.056

   

CSF opening pressure > 250 mm H2O

12 (25.5)

6 (50.0)

18

0.032

2.93

1.250-6.880

0.013

Minimum inhibitory concentration of amphotericin B > 0.5 μg/mL

1 (2.1)

0

1

0.559

   

Minimum inhibitory concentration of FLU >8 μg/mL

1 (2.1)

0

1

0.862

   

On AFA

       

Deoxy-AmB or lipid-AmB + 5-FC

33 (70.2)

6 (50.0)

39

0.005

1

  

Deoxy-AmB or lipid-AmB + FLU

10 (21.3)

4 (33.3)

14

–

3.3

1.696-15.642

0.133

FLU

2 (4.3)

4 (33.3)

6

–

16.5

2.257-120.639

0.006

Complications

       

Respiratory failure

29 (61.7)

12 (100.0)

41

<0.001

5.217

1.030-26.425

0.046

Hydrocephalus

20 (42.6)

9 (75.0)

29

0.117

   

Neurosurgical intervention

5 (10.6)

6 (50.0)

11

0.147

   

Hepatitis

15 (31.9)

4 (33.3)

19

1

   

Stroke

4 (8.5)

2

6

0.591

   
  1. 5-FC: flucytosine; AFA: antifungal agent; deoxy-AmB: amphotericin B deoxycholate; CI: confidence interval; CM: cryptococcal meningitis; CrAg: cryptococcal antigen; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; FLU: fluconazole; ICU: intensive care unit; lipid-AmB: lipid formulation amphotericin B; OR: odds ratio; SD: standard deviation