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  1. The cysteine-rich neurotoxins from elapid venoms are primarily responsible for human and animal envenomation; however, their low concentration in the venom may hamper the production of efficient elapid antiven...

    Authors: Herlinda Clement, Vianey Flores, Guillermo De la Rosa, Fernando Zamudio, Alejandro Alagon and Gerardo Corzo
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Scorpionism is a serious public health problem in Brazil. Although cases of envenomation by scorpions are frequent in Brazil, Tityus silvestris – found throughout the Amazon region – is considered of minor medica...

    Authors: Johne Souza Coelho, Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa, Paulo Roberto Silva Garcez dos Santos and Pedro Pereira de Oliveira Pardal
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:24
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Snakebite incidence in southwestern China is mainly attributed to one of the several venomous snakes found in the country, the white-lipped green pit viper Trimeresurus albolabris. Since antivenom produced from h...

    Authors: Hai-long Duan, Qi-yi He, Bin Zhou, Wen-wen Wang, Bo Li, Ying-zheng Zhang, Qiu-ping Deng, Ying-feng Zhang and Xiao-dong Yu
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Spotted fever is a tick-borne rickettsial disease. In Brazil, its notification to the Ministry of Health is compulsory. Since 2007, cases of spotted fever have been integrated to the Notifiable Diseases Inform...

    Authors: Stefan Vilges de Oliveira, Jessica Noronha Guimarães, Guilherme Carneiro Reckziegel, Bidiah Mariano da Costa Neves, Keline Medeiros de Araújo-Vilges, Lidsy Ximenes Fonseca, Fernanda Voietta Pinna, Simone Valéria Costa Pereira, Eduardo Pacheco de Caldas, Gilberto Salles Gazeta and Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Hadruroides lunatus is the most abundant scorpion species in the Peruvian central coast, where most of the accidents involving humans are registered. In spite of its prevalence, there ...

    Authors: Fernanda Costal-Oliveira, Clara Guerra-Duarte, Maira Souza Oliveira, Karen Larissa Pereira de Castro, Leticia Lopes-de-Sousa, Aline Lara, Enéas Ricardo de Morais Gomes, Cesar Bonilla, Sílvia Guatimosim, Marília Martins Melo and Carlos Chávez-Olórtegui
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 23:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. The aim of this contribution is to bring general information on the classification and in particular on the specific identification of scorpion species dangerous to humans. Several generic groups are taken int...

    Authors: Wilson R. Lourenço
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:21
    Content type: Review Published on:

  7. The current study presents a descriptive chronological survey of the articles published by Césaire Auguste Phisalix and Albert Calmette on snake poison, with the aim of shedding a light on the areas of researc...

    Authors: Rosany Bochner
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:20
    Content type: Review Published on:

  8. Neurotoxic envenomation following bites by kraits (Bungarus species) is a leading cause of snakebite mortality in South Asia. Over a long time, this had been attributed only to one species, the common krait (Bung...

    Authors: Deb Prasad Pandey, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Emilie Alirol, François Chappuis and Ulrich Kuch
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:19
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  9. Blooms of the saxitoxin-producing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii have been contaminating drinking water reservoirs in Brazil for many years. Although acute effects of saxitoxin intoxication are wel...

    Authors: Felipe Diehl, Patricia Baptista Ramos, Juliane Marques dos Santos, Daniela Martí Barros and João Sarkis Yunes
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:18
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Sea urchins can be found throughout the Brazilian coast and are reported to be one of the major causes of marine accidents on the shoreline. Although not lethal, these accidents are reported to be extremely pa...

    Authors: Juliana Mozer Sciani, Andrews Krupinski Emerenciano, José Roberto Machado Cunha da Silva and Daniel Carvalho Pimenta
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Current diagnostic methods and imaging techniques are not able to differentiate septic and aseptic inflammation. Thus, reliable methods are sought to provide this distinction and scintigraphic imaging is an in...

    Authors: Leonardo Lima Fuscaldi, Daniel Moreira dos Santos, Natália Gabriela Silva Pinheiro, Raquel Silva Araújo, André Luís Branco de Barros, Jarbas Magalhães Resende, Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes, Maria Elena de Lima and Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis that affects dogs and other mammals, including humans. Contact with dogs is a major risk factor for humans. This disease is endemic in several regions of Brazil. The a...

    Authors: Flávio Gonçalves Brito, Helio Langoni, Rodrigo Costa da Silva, Tereza Emmanuelle de Farias Rotondano, Marcia Almeida de Melo and Giselle Souza da Paz
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Rabies is very common in People’s Republic of China. Each year thousands of people die because of this disease, but rabies diagnosed in pregnancy is very rare.

    Authors: Zhen-Yu Qu, Guo-Wei Li, Qiao-Ge Chen, Peng Jiang, Chang Liu and Alfred Lam
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:14
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. In Africa, snakebite envenomations are frequently complicated by life-threatening hemorrhagic syndromes. The authors of the present study conducted a prospective analysis at the University Hospital of Parakou ...

    Authors: Blaise Adelin Tchaou, Kofi-Mensa Savi de Tové, Yolande Sissinto-Savi de Tové, Aurélien Tchémaha C. Djomga, Abdou-Rahman Aguemon, Achille Massougbodji and Jean-Philippe Chippaux
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. During the 6th International Conference on Envenomation by Snakebites and Scorpion Stings in Africa held in Abidjan, from 1 to 5 June 2015, the measures for the management of envenomation were discussed and new r...

    Authors: Jean-Philippe Chippaux, Marc Hermann Akaffou, Bernard Kouadio Allali, Mireille Dosso, Achille Massougbodji and Benedito Barraviera
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:11
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  16. Snakebite is a common neglected public health issue, especially in poor rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America. Passive immunotherapy with safe and effective antivenom is the only approved t...

    Authors: Sandrine Gampini, Sonia Nassouri, Jean-Philippe Chippaux and Rasmané Semde
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Although considered a public health issue in Senegal, the actual incidence and mortality from snakebite are not known. In the present study, an epidemiological survey was carried out in Kédougou region, southe...

    Authors: Absa Lam, Bouna Camara, Oumar Kane, Amadou Diouf and Jean-Philippe Chippaux
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:9
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Snakebites cause considerable death and injury throughout the globe, particularly in tropical regions, and pose an important yet neglected threat to public health. In 2008, the Centre Anti Poison et de Parmaco...

    Authors: Fouad Chafiq, Faiçal El Hattimy, Naima Rhalem, Jean-Philippe Chippaux, Abdelmajid Soulaymani, Abdelrhani Mokhtari and Rachida Soulaymani-Bencheikh
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. In the Atlantic forest of the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, local population often uses the fruit juice and the aqueous extract of leaves of soursop (Annona muricata L.) to treat Lachesis muta rhombeata ...

    Authors: Caroline Marroni Cremonez, Flávia Pine Leite, Karla de Castro Figueiredo Bordon, Felipe Augusto Cerni, Iara Aimê Cardoso, Zita Maria de Oliveira Gregório, Rodrigo Cançado Gonçalves de Souza, Ana Maria de Souza and Eliane Candiani Arantes
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a major component of the Daboia siamensis venom, which is able to hydrolyse the membrane of various cells. For this reason, the activity of PLA2 was investigated regarding its pharmaceu...

    Authors: Suchitra Khunsap, Orawan Khow, Supranee Buranapraditkun, Sunutcha Suntrarachun, Songchan Puthong and Supatsorn Boonchang
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. The Editor of Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases would like to thank all of our reviewers, both external and Editorial Board Members, who have contributed to the journal in Volume ...

    Authors: Benedito Barraviera
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:6
    Content type: Reviewer acknowledgement Published on:

  22. Termicin is an antimicrobial peptide with six cysteines forming three disulfide bridges that was firstly isolated from the salivary glands and hemocytes of the termite Pseudacanthotermes spiniger. In contrast to ...

    Authors: Zichao Liu, Kehua Yuan, Ruopeng Zhang, Xuchen Ren, Xiaolong Liu, Shuhua Zhao and Dingkang Wang
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. The interest in commercial use of wild animals is increasing, especially regarding raising of capybaras. Although this wild species is potentially lucrative for the production of meat, oil and leather, it is s...

    Authors: Helio Langoni, Ivone Yumi Kuribara, Ana Paula Ferreira Lopes Correa, Leila Sabrina Ullmann, Gabriela Pacheco Sánchez and Simone Baldini Lucheis
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. The authors report a series of events including the scientific interest for poisonous dendrobates of French Guiana, the human confrontation with the immensity of the evergreen rainforest, the fragility of the ...

    Authors: Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro and Christian Roussilhon
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:3
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  25. Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) (FabAV) antivenin is commonly recommended after pit viper snakebites. Because copperhead envenomations are usually self-limited, some physicians are reluctant to use th...

    Authors: Stephen C. Gale, Jo Ann Peters, LaDonna Allen, Robert Creath and Viktor Y. Dombrovskiy
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Apis mellifera venom, which has already been recommended as an alternative anti-inflammatory treatment, may be also considered an important source of candidate molecules for biotechnol...

    Authors: Andreia Vieira Pereira, Gustavo de Barros, Erika Gracielle Pinto, Andre Gustavo Tempone, Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi, Lucilene Delazari dos Santos, Sueli Calvi, Rui Seabra Ferreira Jr, Daniel Carvalho Pimenta and Benedito Barraviera
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2016 22:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Tumor necrosis factor plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of gastric diseases such as gastric cancer, and an abnormal inflammatory response has frequently been observed in dyspeptic patients. Helicobacter p...

    Authors: Luanna Munhoz Zabaglia, Mariane Avante Ferraz, Weendelly Nayara Pereira, Wilson Aparecido Orcini, Roger Willian de Labio, Agostinho Caleman Neto, Fernanda Wisnieski, Juliana Garcia de Oliveira, Marilia de Arruda Cardoso Smith, Spencer Luiz Marques Payão and Lucas Trevizani Rasmussen
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:54
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. According to the World Health Organization, snakebites are considered neglected diseases. Bothrops, the genus most frequently implicated in envenomations in Brazil, includes the species B. marajoensis Hoge, 1966,...

    Authors: Pedro Pereira de Oliveira Pardal, Augusto Cezar Jennings da Silva Pinheiro, Cristiane Tarcis Cunha Silva, Paulo Roberto Silva Garcez Santos and Maria Apolônia da Costa Gadelha
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:53
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. Maintenance of scorpions under laboratory conditions is ideal for long-term venom collection to explore the therapeutic applications of scorpion venom. Collection of venom by electrical stimulation requires a ...

    Authors: Santhosh Kambaiah Nagaraj, Pavana Dattatreya and Thippeswamy Nayaka Boramuthi
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:51
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Rabies is an incurable neglected zoonosis with worldwide distribution characterized as a lethal progressive acute encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus. Animal venoms and secretions have long been studied as new...

    Authors: Rene dos Santos Cunha Neto, Hugo Vigerelli, Carlos Jared, Marta Maria Antoniazzi, Luciana Botelho Chaves, Andréa de Cássia Rodrigues da Silva, Robson Lopes de Melo, Juliana Mozer Sciani and Daniel C. Pimenta
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. The yellow scorpion Tityus serrulatus (Ts) is responsible for the highest number of accidents and the most severe scorpion envenoming in Brazil. Although its venom has been studied since the 1950s, it presents a ...

    Authors: Priscila C. Lima, Karla C. F. Bordon, Manuela B. Pucca, Felipe A. Cerni, Karina F. Zoccal, Lucia H. Faccioli and Eliane C. Arantes
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. American visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the intracellular parasite Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi, and transmitted by the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Since treatment is based on classical chemotherapeu...

    Authors: Gustavo A. C. Barros, Andreia V. Pereira, Luciana C. Barros, Airton Lourenço Jr, Sueli A. Calvi, Lucilene D. Santos, Benedito Barraviera and Rui Seabra Ferreira Jr
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:48
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. We report on a case of potential envenomation caused by multiple bites by the aglyphous opisthodont snake Leioheterodon madagascariensis in the left thumb of a healthy adult man, which is among the most serious s...

    Authors: Bertrand Razafimahatratra, Cynthia Wang, Akira Mori and Frank Glaw
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:47
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  35. Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom (TsV) contains toxins that act on K+ and Na+ channels and account for the venom’s toxic effects. TsV can activate murine peritoneal macrophages, but it...

    Authors: Andrea Casella-Martins, Lorena R Ayres, Sandra M Burin, Fabiana R Morais, Juliana C Pereira, Lucia H Faccioli, Suely V Sampaio, Eliane C Arantes, Fabiola A Castro and Luciana S Pereira-Crott
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:46
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Scorpion stings are an acute health problem in tropical regions. Awareness of this problem is fundamental for establishing preventive interventions, thus prompting the present study to determine the scorpion-s...

    Authors: Alireza Khatony, Alireza Abdi, Tahereh Fatahpour and Farhad Towhidi
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are abundant components of snake venoms that have been extensively studied due to their pharmacological and pathophysiological effects on living organisms. This study aimed to assess the...

    Authors: Cássio Prinholato da Silva, Tássia R. Costa, Raquel M. Alves Paiva, Adélia C. O. Cintra, Danilo L. Menaldo, Lusânia M. Greggi Antunes and Suely V. Sampaio
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:44
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Hyaluronidases are enzymes that mainly degrade hyaluronan, the major glycosaminoglycan of the interstitial matrix. They are involved in several pathological and physiological activities including fertilization...

    Authors: Karla C F Bordon, Gisele A. Wiezel, Fernanda G. Amorim and Eliane C. Arantes
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:43
    Content type: Review Published on:

  39. BmK I, a site-3-specific modulator of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), causes pain and hyperalgesia in rats, while BmK IT2, a site-4-specific modulator of VGSCs, suppresses pain-related responses. A stro...

    Authors: Yi-Jun Feng, Qi Feng, Jie Tao, Rong Zhao and Yong-Hua Ji
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:42
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Venoms comprise mixtures of numerous bioactive compounds that have a wide range of pharmacologic actions. Toxins from venomous animals have attracted the attention of researchers because of their affinity for ...

    Authors: RK Rajeshkumar, R Vennila, S Karthikeyan, N Rajendra Prasad, M Arumugam, T Velpandian and T Balasubramaniam
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:41
    Content type: Research Published on:

    A Erratum has been published.

  41. More than 200 Scyphozoa species have been described, but few have been properly studied regarding their chemical and genetic characteristics. Catostylus tagi, an edible Scyphozoa and the sole European Catostylida...

    Authors: Tiago Parracho and Zilda Morais
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Bonito municipality, known as an area of ecoturism, in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, is also a focus of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases, with cases registered in both human and canine populations. Thi...

    Authors: Andreia Fernandes Brilhante, Vânia Lúcia Brandão Nunes, Kleber Augusto Kohatsu, Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati, Maria Elizabeth Ghizzi Rocca and Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:39
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  43. Extremely low-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is produced by electric power transmission lines and electronic devices of everyday use. Some phenomena are proposed as “first effects” of ELF-EM...

    Authors: Milena Jankowska, Agnieszka Pawlowska-Mainville, Maria Stankiewicz, Justyna Rogalska and Joanna Wyszkowska
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:38
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. The American trypanosomiasis is a zoonosis caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). The disease is widely distributed throughout the American continent, affecting a wide range of hosts, including dogs...

    Authors: Matilde Jiménez-Coello, Karla Acosta-Viana, Eugenia Guzmán-Marín, Alejandra Bárcenas-Irabién and Antonio Ortega-Pacheco
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:37
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Millepora alcicornis is a branching hydrocoral common throughout the Caribbean Sea. Like other members of this genus, this species is capable of inducing skin eruptions and blisters wi...

    Authors: Rosalina Hernández-Matehuala, Alejandra Rojas-Molina, Alma Angelica Vuelvas-Solórzano, Alejandro Garcia-Arredondo, Cesar Ibarra Alvarado, Norma Olguín-López and Manuel Aguilar
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Snake venom galactoside-binding lectins (SVgalLs) comprise a class of toxins capable of recognizing and interacting with terminal galactoside residues of glycans. In the past 35 years, since the first report o...

    Authors: Marco A. Sartim and Suely V. Sampaio
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:35
    Content type: Review Published on:

  47. Rabies is very common in People’s Republic of China. Henan province, in the central portion of China, is one of the most densely populated provinces in the entire country. With the new rabies epidemic trend no...

    Authors: Guo Wei Li, Qiao Ge Chen, Zhen Yu Qu, Yao Xia, Alfred Lam, Ding Mei Zhang and Jia Hai Lu
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:34
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Authors: Carlos Alberto-Silva, Joyce M. Gilio, Fernanda C. V. Portaro, Samyr M. Querobino and Antonio C. M. Camargo
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:33
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:27

  49. Snakebites cause considerable human and livestock injuries as well as deaths worldwide, and particularly have a high impact in sub-Saharan Africa. Generating a basic platform of information on the characterist...

    Authors: M. J. Kipanyula and W. H. Kimaro
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:32
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Activation of the complement system plays an important role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory reactions, and contributes to inflammatory responses triggered by envenomation provoked by Bothrops snakes....

    Authors: Lorena Rocha Ayres, Alex dos Reis Récio, Sandra Mara Burin, Juliana Campos Pereira, Andrea Casella Martins, Suely Vilela Sampaio, Fabíola Attié de Castro and Luciana Simon Pereira-Crott
    Citation: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 2015 21:29
    Content type: Research Published on:
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