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Table 3 Comparison of clinical features, laboratory findings, and outcomes between delayed and non-delayed groups of CM patients

From: Epidemiological characterization and prognostic factors in patients with confirmed cerebral cryptococcosis in central Taiwan

Variables

Non-delayed group

Delayed group

Total

 

Univariate logistic regression analysis

 

n = 36 (%)

n = 23 (%)

n = 59

p value

OR

95 % CI

p value

Mean age (years ± SD)

51.5 ± 16.8

70.2 ± 15.6

56.7 ± 18.4

    

Age > 55 years

14 (38.3)

6 (26.1)

20

0.182

   

Gender – male

20 (55.6)

18 (78.3)

38

0.192

   

Prior cryptococcal infection, not related to this episode

8 (23.4)

5 (21.7)

13

1.000

   

Length of stay in the ICU (days), median (range)

5 (1–21)

7 (1–48)

33

0.275

   

Underlying disease

       

DM

26 (71.5)

17 (75.0)

43

0.062

   

HTN

26 (70.8)

12 (50.0)

37

0.234

   

Chronic lung disease

12 (32.6)

17 (75.0)

29

0.134

   

Hyperlipidemia

22 (61.1)

10 (43.5)

32

0.123

   

Previous TB infection

2 (5.6)

1 (4.3)

3

0.103

   

CV disease

17 (47.2)

13 (56.5)

30

1.000

   

Renal disease

11 (30.6)

9 (39.1)

20

0.202

   

Malignancy, other than hematological malignancy

11 (30.1)

19 (83.3)

30

0.112

   

Hematological malignancy

9 (24.5)

19 (83.3)

28

0.181

   

Hematological disease

5 (13.7)

21 (91.7)

26

1.000

   

Autoimmune disease

2 (5.1)

19 (83.3)

21

0.059

   

Psychiatric disease

12 (33.3)

9 (39.1)

21

1.000

   

HIV

8 (22.7)

4 (16.7)

12

1.000

   

Site of infection

       

Pulmonary cryptococcosis

11 (30.6)

10 (43.5)

21

0.084

   

Cryptococcemia

11 (30.6)

10 (43.5)

21

0.132

   

Clinical presentation

       

Fever

11 (31.9)

10 (43.5)

21

0.215

   

Malaise

10

5 (21.7)

15

0.371

   

Weight loss

10 (27.7)

5 (21.7)

15

0.181

   

Headache

18 (51.1)

8 (34.8)

26

0.021

0.23

0.696-15.642

0.023

Visual change

5 (14.9)

3 (13.0)

8

0.670

   

Cranial nerve palsy

2 (4.3)

2 (8.7)

4

1.000

   

Cough

8 (21.3)

4 (17.4)

12

1.000

   

Dyspnea

7 (19.1)

3 (13.0)

10

1.000

   

Altered mental status

11 (30.6)

9 (39.1)

20

0.011

1.311

1.516-5.642

0.0133

Abdominal pain

35 (97.2)

15 (65.2)

50

0.093

   

Decreased urine output

13 (36.1)

15 (65.2)

28

0.209

   

Diagnostic factors

       

Serum CrAg 1:512

10 (27.7)

5 (21.7)

15

0.381

   

CSF CrAg >1:512

9 (25.0)

5 (21.7)

14

0.281

   

CSF opening pressure > 250 mm H2O

10 (27.8)

8 (34.8)

18

0.185

   

Neuroradiological findings

       

Basal meningeal enhancement

4 (11.1)

6 (26.1)

10

0.059

   

Hydrocephalus

19 (52.8)

10 (43.5)

29

0.117

   

Cryptococcoma

2 (5.6)

4 (17.4)

6

1.000

   

Neurosurgical intervention

4 (10.6)

7 (30.4)

11

0.147

   

Mortality

11 (30.6)

10 (43.5)

23

0.009

1.45

1.080-2.070

0.008

  1. CI: confidence interval; CM: cryptococcal meningitis; CrAg: cryptococcal antigen; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; CV: cardiovascular; DM: diabetes mellitus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HTN: hypertension; ICU: intensive care unit; OR: odds ratio; SD: standard deviation; TB: tuberculosis
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Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

ISSN: 1678-9199

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