Table 2 Examples of compounds from Brazilian spider venoms
Compounds | Examples | Species | Molecular Mass (kDa) | Action Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neurotoxins | PnTx1,PnTx2, PnTx3 | Phoneutria nigriventer | ~6.0–9.0 | Act on ion channels | 72 |
PnTx4 | Phoneutria nigriventer | 5.17 | Inhibit reversible NMDA receptors in insects | 73 | |
α-latrotoxin | Latrodectus sp. | ~130 | Influx of Ca2+ on presynaptic nerve endings | 74 | |
Enzymes | Phospholipase D | Loxosceles sp. | ~31.0–32.0 | Hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids | 75 |
(Sphingomyelinase) | |||||
Hyaluronidase | Loxosceles sp. | – | Catalyzes the hydrolysis of hyaluronan from the extracellular matrix | 76 | |
Proteinases | Metalloproteinase | Loxosceles sp. | ~29.0 | Lysis of the cell basement membrane | 77 |
Serinoproteinases | Loxosceles sp. | ~85–95.0 | Action on coagulation factors | 78 |