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Table 1 Comparison of key variables between the survivor and deceased groups of CM patients

From: Epidemiological characterization and prognostic factors in patients with confirmed cerebral cryptococcosis in central Taiwan

Variables

Survivor group

Deceased group

Total

 

Univariate logistic regression analysis

 

n = 47 (%)

n = 12 (%)

n = 59

p value

OR

95 % CI

p value

Age > 55 years

18

2

20

0.192

1.077

1.013–1.146

0.019

Gender – male

28 (59.6)

10 (83.6)

38

0.182

   

Prior cryptococcal infection, not related to this episode

11 (23.4)

2 (16.7)

13

0.762

   

Length of stay in the ICU (days), median (range)

5 (1–21)

8 (1–48)

–

<0.001

5.217

1.030-26.425

0.046

Underlying disease

       

DM

34 (72.3)

9 (75.0)

43

0.052

   

HTN

31 (66.0)

6 (50.0)

37

0.334

   

Chronic lung disease

20 (42.6)

9 (75.0)

29

0.024

0.34

0.100-1.240

0.09

Hyperlipidemia

26 (55.3)

6 (50.0)

32

0.102

   

Previous TB infection

2 (4.3)

1 (8.3)

3

0.203

   

CV disease

26 (55.3)

4 (33.3)

30

1

   

Renal disease

16 (34.0)

4 (33.3)

20

0.102

   

Malignancy, other than hematological malignancy

26 (55.3)

6 (50.0)

32

0.102

   

Hematological malignancy

25 (53.2)

5 (41.7)

30

0.181

   

Hematological disease

23 (48.9)

5 (41.7)

28

1

   

Autoimmune disease

23 (48.9)

3 (25.0)

26

0.591

   

Psychiatric disease

16 (34.0)

5 (41.7)

21

1

   

HIV

10 (21.3)

2 (16.7)

12

1

   

Site of infection

       

Pulmonary cryptococcosis

13 (27.7)

8 (66.7)

21

0.074

0.44

0.180–1.070

0.07

Cryptococcemia

12 (25.5)

9 (75.0)

21

0.032

5.09

2.540–10.220

<0.001

Clinical presentation

       

Fever

15 (31.9)

6 (50.0)

21

0.315

   

Malaise

13 (27.7)

2 (16.7)

15

0.381

   

Weight loss

12 (25.5)

1 (8.3)

13

0.281

   

Headache

24 (51.1)

2 (16.7)

26

0.031

3.3

0.696-15.642

0.133

Visual change

7 (14.9)

1 (8.3)

8

0.67

   

Cranial nerve palsy

2 (4.3)

2 (16.7)

4

1

   

Cough

10 (21.3)

2 (16.7)

12

1

   

Dyspnea

9 (19.1)

1 (8.3)

10

1

   

Altered mental status

12 (25.5)

8 (66.7)

20

0.005

4.09

1.540-9.220

<0.001

Abdominal pain

42 (89.4)

8 (66.7)

50

0.083

   

Decreased urine output

24 (51.1)

4 (33.3)

28

0.109

   

Diagnostic criteria

       

Serum CrAg 1:512

13 (27.7)

2 (16.7)

15

0.381

   

CSF CrAg >1:512

10 (21.3)

4 (33.3)

14

0.281

   

CSF white cell count (cell/mm3) (mean, SD)

83.4 ± 32.6

80.4 ± 30.6

–

0.849

   

CSF % lymphocytes (mean, SD)

207.4 ± 109.8

177.4 ± 82.8

–

0.781

   

CSF protein (mg/dL; mean, SD)

0.25 ± 0.22

0.22 ± 0.20

–

0.35

   

CSF blood glucose (mean, SD)

−94 ± 175.1

−90 ± 155.2

–

0.674

   

CSF response (day 14 vs. day 1; mean, SD)

83.4 ± 32.6

80.4 ± 30.6

–

0.943

   

CSF opening pressure > 250 mm H2O

12 (25.5)

6 (50.0)

18

0.032

2.93

1.250-6.880

0.023

Neuroradiological findings

       

Basal meningeal enhancement

6 (12.8)

4 (33.3)

10

0.059

   

Hydrocephalus

20 (42.6)

9 (75.0)

29

0.117

   

Cryptococcoma

4 (8.5)

2 (16.7)

6

0.589

   

Neurosurgical intervention

5 (10.6)

6 (50.0)

11

0.147

   

Stroke

4 (8.5)

2 (16.7)

6

0.591

   
  1. CI: confidence interval; CM: cryptococcal meningitis; CrAg: cryptococcal antigen; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; CV: cardiovascular; DM: diabetes mellitus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HTN: hypertension; ICU: intensive care unit; OR: odds ratio; SD: standard deviation; TB: tuberculosis
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Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

ISSN: 1678-9199

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