Fig. 3

Determination of TNF-α concentration (pg.mL⁻¹) in the supernatant of uninfected macrophages (n) and infected macrophages (i) after melittin treatment (0, 0.7, 1.47 and 2.5 μg.mL⁻¹) at 24, 48 and 72 h. Data are presented as mean of three independent measurements. * p < 0.05 for 72 h infect cells versus 24, 48 and 72 h non-infected cells, without melittin addition. ● p < 0.05, for 24 h treatment with 0.7 μg.mL⁻¹ melittin versus non-infected cells. ∆p < 0.05 for 24, 48 and 72 h treatment with 2.5 μg.mL⁻¹ melittin versus infected non-treated cells