In the picture: disulfide-poor conopeptides, a class of pharmacologically interesting compounds

Table 2 Characteristics of contryphans. Their amino acid sequences, respective species, observed activity and references are indicated

Peptide	Amino acid sequence	Species	Activity	Source
Contryphan-R	GCOWEPWC^a	C. radiatus	“Stiff-tail” syndrome in mice	[20]
[des-Gly1]contryphan	COWEPWC^a	C. radiatus	“Stiff-tail” syndrome in mice	[20]
Bromocontryphan-R	GCOWEPW⁺C^a	C. radiatus	“Stiff-tail” syndrome in mice	[21]
Contryphan-Sm	GCOWQPWC^a	C. stercusmuscarum	“Stiff-tail” syndrome in Webster mice	[69]
Contryphan-P	GCOWDPWC^a	C. purpurascens	“Stiff-tail” syndrome in Swiss Webster mice/inhibits HVA Ca²⁺ channels	[69]
Leu-contryphan-P	GCVLLPWC	C. purpurascens	Body tremor and mucous secretion in fish	[70]
Contryphan-Tx	GCOWQPYC^a	C. textile	“Stiff-tail” syndrome and paralysis of extremities in Swiss Webster mice	[71]
Leu-contryphan-Tx	CVLYPWC	C. textile	Folding and drooping of dorsal fins and passivity in Siamese fighting fish	[71]
Contryphan-Vn	GDCPWKPWC^a	C. ventricosus	? (VGPC, Ca²⁺ dependent)	[24, 72]
Glacontryphan-M	NγSγCPWHPWC^a	C. marmoreus	Inhibits L-type VGCC	[22, 73]
Am975	GCPWDPWC^a	C. amadis	Inhibits HVA Ca²⁺ channels	[25]
Lo959	GCOWDPWC^a	C. loroisii	Activates HVA Ca²⁺ channels	[25]
Contryphan-fia	GCODWQPWC	C. figulinus	?	[74]
[W8S]contryphan-Vn	GDCPWKPSC^a	C. ventricosus	?	[75]
Contryphan-fib	GCOWMPWC^a	C. figulinus	?	[76]

^aC-terminal amidation; W⁺: 6-L-bromotryptophan; O: hydroxyproline; W: D-tryptophan; L: D-leucine; γ: gamma-carboxyglutamate; VGPC: voltage-gated potassium channel, VGCC: voltage-gated calcium channel, HVA: high voltage-activated

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