Table 2 Characteristics of contryphans. Their amino acid sequences, respective species, observed activity and references are indicated

Contryphan-R

GCOWEPWC^a

C. radiatus

“Stiff-tail” syndrome in mice

[20]

[des-Gly1]contryphan

COWEPWC^a

C. radiatus

“Stiff-tail” syndrome in mice

[20]

Bromocontryphan-R

GCOWEPW⁺C^a

C. radiatus

“Stiff-tail” syndrome in mice

[21]

Contryphan-Sm

GCOWQPWC^a

C. stercusmuscarum

“Stiff-tail” syndrome in Webster mice

[69]

Contryphan-P

GCOWDPWC^a

C. purpurascens

“Stiff-tail” syndrome in Swiss Webster mice/inhibits HVA Ca²⁺ channels

[69]

Leu-contryphan-P

GCVLLPWC

C. purpurascens

Body tremor and mucous secretion in fish

[70]

Contryphan-Tx

GCOWQPYC^a

C. textile

“Stiff-tail” syndrome and paralysis of extremities in Swiss Webster mice

[71]

Leu-contryphan-Tx

CVLYPWC

C. textile

Folding and drooping of dorsal fins and passivity in Siamese fighting fish

[71]

Contryphan-Vn

GDCPWKPWC^a

C. ventricosus

? (VGPC, Ca²⁺ dependent)

[24, 72]

Glacontryphan-M

NγSγCPWHPWC^a

C. marmoreus

Inhibits L-type VGCC

[22, 73]

Am975

GCPWDPWC^a

C. amadis

Inhibits HVA Ca²⁺ channels

[25]

Lo959

GCOWDPWC^a

C. loroisii

Activates HVA Ca²⁺ channels

[25]

Contryphan-fia

GCODWQPWC

C. figulinus

?

[74]

[W8S]contryphan-Vn

GDCPWKPSC^a

C. ventricosus

?

[75]

Contryphan-fib

GCOWMPWC^a

C. figulinus

?

[76]