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Fig. 9 | Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

Fig. 9

From: Isolation of biologically active peptides from the venom of Japanese carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata

Fig. 9

Molecular Phylogenetic analysis by Maximum Likelihood method based on PLA2 amino acid sequences (a) and phylogenetic tree proposed by Hedtke et al. [21] (b). The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Whelan And Goldman model [32]. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-1575.2225) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches (bootstrap value). Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using a JTT model, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. The rate variation model allowed for some sites to be evolutionarily invariable ([+I], 28.9827% sites). All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There were a total of 130 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7 [33]

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