Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds

da Mata, Élida Cleyse Gomes; Mourão, Caroline Barbosa Farias; Rangel, Marisa; Schwartz, Elisabeth Ferroni

doi:10.1186/s40409-016-0089-0

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

Table 2 Examples of animal peptides presenting antiviral activity

From: Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds

Source	Species	Peptide name	Virus	Action mechanism	Reference
Frog	Xenopus laevis	Magainin 1 and 2	HSV-1 and HSV-2	Cellular target	[115]
Frog	Rana brevipodaporsa	Brevinin-1	HSV	Viral inactivation	[116]
Frog	Phyllomedusa	Dermaseptin S₄	HSV-2	Viral envelope disruption	[69]
Frog	Phyllomedusa	Dermaseptin DS₄	HIV-1	Viral envelope disruption	[117]
Frog	–	Dermaseptin S₄	HSV-1	Viral membrane disruption	[118]
Frog	Litoria caerulea	Caerin 1.1	HIV	Viral envelope disruption	[70]
Frog	Litoria chloris	Caerin 1.9	HIV	Viral envelope disruption	[70]
Frog	Litoria genimaculata	Maculatin 1.1	HIV	Viral envelope disruption	[70]
Insect	Vespula lewisii	MP7-NH₂	HSV	Viral envelope disruption	[74]
Insect	Apis mellifera	Melittin	HIV	CXCR4 and CCR5 tropic inhibition HIV-1 infectivity	[79]
Insect	Synthetic (from melittin)	Hecate	HSV	Cellular target	[83]
Insect	Bee venom	bvPLA₂	HIV	Virion entry blocking into host cell	[65]
Insect	Synthetic (from bvPLA₂)	p3bv	HIV	HIV glycoprotein fusion inhibition to CXCR4 cell receptor	[76]
Insect	Calliphora vicina	Alloferons 1 and 2	IAV/HSV	Immunomodulatory activity	[88]
Insect	Hyalophora cecropia	Cecropin A-magainin 2	HIV	Virion entry blocking into host cell	[85]
Ophidian	Trimeresurus stejnegeri	TSV-LAO	HIV-1	Syncytium formation inhibition and HIV-1 p24 antigen reduction	[60]
Ophidian	Bothrops jararaca	BjarLAAO-I	DENV-3	Infected cells reduction	[61]
Ophidian	Crotalus durissus terrificus	PLA₂ -Cdt	DENV, YFV	Virus envelope cleavage and protein destabilization	[48, 63]
			HIV	Gag p24 processing inhibition	[62, 64]
Ophidian	Bothrops leucurus	BlK-PLA₂; BlD-PLA₂	DENV	Viral RNA levels reduction	[65]
Ophidian	Naja kaouthia (Naja siamensis)	Immunokine	HIV	CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors interaction	[7, 66]
Marine sponge	Sidonops microspinosa	Microspinosamide	HIV	Cytopathic effect inhibition	[111]
Marine sponge	Siliquariaspongia mirabilis and Stelletta clavosa	Mirabamides A-H	HIV	Viral glycoprotein fusion neutralization to the cell receptors	[94, 95]
Marine sponge	Homophymia sp.	Homophymine A	HIV	Virion entry inhibition	[96]
Marine sponge	Theonella sp.	Papuamides A and B	HIV	Virion entry inhibition	[106]
Marine sponge	Theonella swinhoe	Theopapuamide A	HIV	Virion entry inhibition	[105, 106]
Marine sponge	T. swinhoe and T. cupola	Koshikamides F, H	HIV	Virion entry inhibition	[104]
Marine sponge	Siliquariaspongia mirabilis	Theopapuamide B	HIV	Viral envelope disruption	[108]
Marine sponge	Siliquariaspongia mirabilis	Celebesides A–C	HIV	Virion entry inhibition	[108]
Marine sponge	Callipelta sp.	Callipeltin A	HIV	Virion entry inhibition	[109]
Marine sponge	Neamphius huxleyi	Neamphamide A	HIV	Virion entry inhibition	[110]
Horseshoe crab	Tachypleus tridentatus	Polyphemusin	HIV	Chemokine receptor, CXCR4/viral co-receptor attachment	[112]
Fish	Pleuronectes americanus	Pa-MAP	HSV	Viral envelope interaction	[91, 92]
Tunicate	Trididemnum solidum	Didemnins A, B and C	HSV-1 and 2; coxsackie virus A-21 and equine rhinovirus	Protein, DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition	[97]

HIV human immunodeficiency virus, HSV herpes simplex virus, IAV influenza virus, VSV vesicular stomatitis virus, DENV dengue virus. Adapted from Jenssen et al. [9] and Mulder et al. [77]

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